Terrain Characterization in the Las Abras Ravine Using LiDAR Imagery: A Geological and Soil Science Approach

Abstract

The present study conducted in the Las Abras ravine focuses on characterizing the geological and soil conditions of the area, using advanced tools such as LiDAR surveys, electrical resistivity tomography, and various soil analyses. The main objective is tounderstand the soil composition and its hydrological dynamics in the region. Slope analysis was carried out based on three-dimensional digitalization of LiDAR point clouds, allowing for the classification of slopes ranging from level terrain to steeply broken areas. This classification facilitates the assessment of slope stability and helps identify zones with greater vulnerability to erosion and landslide processes. Regarding soil structure, the findings indicate that the predominant soil in the ravine issandy in texture and non-plastic, suggesting low cohesion and limited water retention capacity. This texture directly affects the soil's infiltration potential and susceptibility to hydrological changes. Electrical resistivity tomography tests revealed significant variations in subsurface resistivity at different depths. These resistivity differences indicate zones of both high and low permeability, which are critical for understanding slope and soil stability. Together, these analyses provide a detailed characterization of the geological and edaphological conditions of the Las Abras ravine. The results are valuable for assessing erosion-related risks and soil stability, and serve as a foundation for the planning and management of natural resources in this area of Chimborazo Province.