Rol de la enfermería en la prevención de complicaciones respiratorias postoperatorias asociado o mediante a las escalas de valoración Aldrete y Steward.

Yoana Andrea Chamorro Arcos; Mayra Gissela  Changuán Irua; Juan Carlos Almeida López

doi:10.70577/asce.v4i4.539

Authors

Yoana Andrea Chamorro Arcos Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9551-4139
Mayra Gissela Changuán Irua Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6381-583X
Juan Carlos Almeida López Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi. https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6635-3944

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70577/asce.v4i4.539

Keywords:

Perioperative Nursing; Postoperative Respiratory Complications; Aldrete Score; Steward Score; Postanesthesia Recovery.

Abstract

The objective was to analyze the role of nursing in preventing postoperative respiratory complications, in relation to the application of the Aldrete and Steward scores in postanesthesia care. A systematic review was conducted of 25 studies published between 2020 and 2025 in international databases, including clinical trials, observational studies, reviews, and quality improvement projects. Data were extracted on type of surgery, use of discharge scores, nursing-led respiratory interventions, and clinical outcomes. The results show that the Aldrete score is predominantly used as a discharge criterion in the recovery unit, while the Steward score is mainly used in the pediatric population. The systematic implementation of these scores, combined with interventions such as incentive spirometry, inspiratory muscle training, early mobilization, and ERAS or I COUGH care packages, is associated with a reduction in pneumonia, atelectasis, hypoxemia, and reintubations. It is concluded that nursing plays a key role in postoperative respiratory safety and that protocols and ongoing training are required to optimize outcomes.

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References

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