Transformación digital y gestión del talento humano en la educación superior: una revisión sistemática de la evidencia científica sobre competencias digitales, adopción tecnológica e innovación organizacional en universidades (2021-2025)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70577/asce.v5i3.1090Palabras clave:
Capacidad pedagógica, Enseñanza superior, Estrategias educativas, Innovación educacional, Transformación digitalResumen
La transformación digital, se ha convertido en un elemento esencial para las instituciones de educación superior, debido a la necesidad de responder a entornos cada vez más dinámicos, y tecnológicos; sin embargo, la incorporación de plataformas, sistemas digitales, e inteligencia artificial no garantiza por sí sola mejores resultados académicos, la principal problemática radica en la brecha existente entre la disponibilidad de recursos tecnológicos, y las capacidades de docentes y personal administrativo, para utilizarlos de manera efectiva. Por ello, el objetivo fue; analizar la evidencia científica publicada entre 2021 y 2025, sobre la influencia de las competencias digitales, y la gestión estratégica del talento humano, en los procesos de transformación digital de las instituciones de educación superior. Se desarrolló mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura, basada en el protocolo PRISMA 2020, la información se organizó, y analizó mediante una síntesis temática orientada a identificar tendencias, desafíos, y oportunidades. Los estudios demostraron que, la transformación digital alcanza mejores resultados cuando las universidades, combinan la adopción tecnológica con el fortalecimiento de las capacidades de su personal; las competencias digitales, fueron identificadas como un factor determinante para la innovación educativa; entre las principales barreras destacan las brechas de competencias digitales, la resistencia organizacional al cambio y las limitaciones formativas. Se confirmó que, la transformación digital universitaria depende tanto de la tecnología, como de las personas que la utilizan; el fortalecimiento de capacidades, la promoción de culturas de aprendizaje, y la implementación de estrategias integrales, resultan fundamentales para consolidar procesos de transformación digital sostenibles.
Descargas
Citas
Ahsan, M. J. (2025). Cultivating a culture of learning: The role of leadership in fostering lifelong development. The Learning Organization, 32(2), 282-306. https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-03-2024-0099 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/TLO-03-2024-0099
Akbari, T. T., Putri, D. W., Aruan, D. C., & Nagy, A. S. (2026). Omni-leadership and digital agility: Enhancing strategic communication in higher education digital transformation. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, 24(3), 439-457. https://doi.org/10.1108/JICES-02-2025-0040 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JICES-02-2025-0040
Akour, M., & Alenezi, M. (2022). Higher Education Future in the Era of Digital Transformation. Education Sciences, 12(11), 784. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12110784 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12110784
Almaiah, M., Alfaisal, R., Salloum, S., Al-Otaibi, S., Al Sawafi, O., Al-Maroof, R., Lutfi, A., Alrawad, M., Mulhem, A., & Awad, A. (2022). Determinants Influencing the Continuous Intention to Use Digital Technologies in Higher Education. Electronics, 11(18), 2827. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11182827 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11182827
Atobishi, T., Moh’d Abu Bakir, S., & Nosratabadi, S. (2024). How Do Digital Capabilities Affect Organizational Performance in the Public Sector? The Mediating Role of the Organizational Agility. Administrative Sciences, 14(2), 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14020037 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci14020037
Basilotta-Gómez-Pablos, V., Matarranz, M., Casado-Aranda, L.-A., & Otto, A. (2022). Teachers’ digital competencies in higher education: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 19(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00312-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00312-8
Bhattacharjee, B., Kumar, H., & Ture, R. S. (2026). Exploring drivers and barriers to HR digital transformation in service sector businesses: A multi-method approach. Journal of Systems and Information Technology, 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSIT-05-2025-0202 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JSIT-05-2025-0202
Branch, J. W., Burgos, D., Serna, M. D. A., & Ortega, G. P. (2020). Digital Transformation in Higher Education Institutions: Between Myth and Reality. En D. Burgos (Ed.), Radical Solutions and eLearning (pp. 41-50). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4952-6_3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4952-6_3
Bullock, H. L., Lavis, J. N., Wilson, M. G., Mulvale, G., & Miatello, A. (2021). Understanding the implementation of evidence-informed policies and practices from a policy perspective: A critical interpretive synthesis. Implementation Science, 16(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-021-01082-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13012-021-01082-7
Carayannis, E. G., & Morawska-Jancelewicz, J. (2022). The Futures of Europe: Society 5.0 and Industry 5.0 as Driving Forces of Future Universities. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 13(4), 3445-3471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-021-00854-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-021-00854-2
Chen, M. Y.-C., Lam, L. W., & Zhu, J. N. Y. (2021). Should companies invest in human resource development practices? The role of intellectual capital and organizational performance improvements. Personnel Review, 50(2), 460-477. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-04-2019-0179 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-04-2019-0179
Cosa, M., & Torelli, R. (2024). Digital Transformation and Flexible Performance Management: A Systematic Literature Review of the Evolution of Performance Measurement Systems. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 25(3), 445-466. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40171-024-00409-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40171-024-00409-9
Díaz-Garcia, V., Montero-Navarro, A., Rodríguez-Sánchez, J.-L., & Gallego-Losada, R. (2023). Managing Digital Transformation: A Case Study in a Higher Education Institution. Electronics, 12(11), 2522. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12112522 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12112522
Farias-Gaytan, S., Aguaded, I., & Ramirez-Montoya, M.-S. (2023). Digital transformation and digital literacy in the context of complexity within higher education institutions: A systematic literature review. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 386. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01875-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01875-9
Fernández-Batanero, J. M., Román-Graván, P., Montenegro-Rueda, M., López-Meneses, E., & Fernández-Cerero, J. (2021). Digital Teaching Competence in Higher Education: A Systematic Review. Education Sciences, 11(11), 689. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11110689 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11110689
Furr, N., Ozcan, P., & Eisenhardt, K. M. (2022). What is digital transformation? Core tensions facing established companies on the global stage. Global Strategy Journal, 12(4), 595-618. https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1442 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1442
Galorio, I. J. N., Paglinawan Jr., A. J., Z. Mata, J., & Guray, C. B. (2024). Human Resource Management in Education: A Systematic Review. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 50(7), 74-92. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i71446 DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i71446
George, B., & Wooden, O. (2023). Managing the Strategic Transformation of Higher Education through Artificial Intelligence. Administrative Sciences, 13(9), 196. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13090196 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci13090196
Granić, A. (2022). Educational Technology Adoption: A systematic review. Education and Information Technologies, 27(7), 9725-9744. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-10951-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-10951-7
Khamesi, M., Mojtahedzadeh, R., Bayazidi, S., & Mohammadi, A. (2024). Determinants of Educational Technology Acceptance: Medical Teachers’ Perception. Medical Journal of The Islamic Republic of Iran. https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.148 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47176/mjiri.38.148
Kyriakou, N., Eteokleous, N., Mitsiaki, M., Kadji-Beltran, C., & Sergiou, S. (2026). Teachers’ Digital Competence for Supporting Inclusive and Quality Education in Multilingual and Multicultural Mainstream Classrooms: A Mixed-Methods Exploration. Sustainability, 18(2), 774. https://doi.org/10.3390/su18020774 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su18020774
López-Sánchez, J. A., Patiño-Vanegas, J. C., Valencia-Arias, A., & Valencia, J. (2023). Use and adoption of ICTs oriented to university student learning: Systematic review using PRISMA methodology. Cogent Education, 10(2), 2288490. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2288490 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2288490
Mele, G., Capaldo, G., Secundo, G., & Corvello, V. (2024). Revisiting the idea of knowledge-based dynamic capabilities for digital transformation. Journal of Knowledge Management, 28(2), 532-563. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-02-2023-0121 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-02-2023-0121
Omol, E. J. (2024). Organizational digital transformation: From evolution to future trends. Digital Transformation and Society, 3(3), 240-256. https://doi.org/10.1108/DTS-08-2023-0061 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/DTS-08-2023-0061
Ramdana, A. D., Munir, & Furqon, C. (2026). Advancing digital literacy in higher education through pedagogical innovations and institutional strategies between 2014 and 2025. Discover Education, 5(1), 227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-01256-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-026-01256-9
Rodríguez-Abitia, G., Martínez-Pérez, S., Ramirez-Montoya, M. S., & Lopez-Caudana, E. (2020). Digital Gap in Universities and Challenges for Quality Education: A Diagnostic Study in Mexico and Spain. Sustainability, 12(21), 9069. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219069 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12219069
Sarango-Lapo, C. P., Mena, J., & Ramírez-Montoya, M. S. (2021). Evidence-Based Educational Innovation Model Linked to Digital Information Competence in the Framework of Education 4.0. Sustainability, 13(18), 10034. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810034 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810034
Schubotz, R. I., Ebel, S. J., Elsner, B., Weiss, P. H., & Wörgötter, F. (2023). Tool mastering today – an interdisciplinary perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1191792. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1191792 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1191792
Shenkoya, T., & Kim, E. (2023). Sustainability in Higher Education: Digital Transformation of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and Its Impact on Open Knowledge. Sustainability, 15(3), 2473. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032473 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032473
Sillat, L. H., Tammets, K., & Laanpere, M. (2021). Digital Competence Assessment Methods in Higher Education: A Systematic Literature Review. Education Sciences, 11(8), 402. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11080402 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11080402
Singun, A. (2025). Unveiling the barriers to digital transformation in higher education institutions: A systematic literature review. Discover Education, 4(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-025-00430-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s44217-025-00430-9
Timokhova, G., Kostyukhin, Y., Sidorova, E., Prokudin, V., Shipkova, O., Korshunova, L., & Aleshchenko, O. (2022). Digital Transformation of the University as a Means of Framing Eco-Environment for Creativity and Creative Activities to Attract and Develop Talented and Skilled Persons. Education Sciences, 12(8), 562. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12080562 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12080562
Van Der Meer, N., Van Der Werf, V., Brinkman, W.-P., & Specht, M. (2023). Virtual reality and collaborative learning: A systematic literature review. Frontiers in Virtual Reality, 4, 1159905. https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2023.1159905 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/frvir.2023.1159905
Vong, K. C., Udomvitid, K., Ueki, Y., Intalar, N., Pongsathornwiwat, A., Pannakkong, W., Komolavanij, S., & Jeenanunta, C. (2025). Strategic Human Resource Development for Industry 4.0 Readiness: A Sustainable Transformation Framework for Emerging Economies. Sustainability, 17(15), 6988. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17156988 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su17156988
Zhang, J., & Chen, Z. (2024). Exploring Human Resource Management Digital Transformation in the Digital Age. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(1), 1482-1498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01214-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01214-y
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2026 Patricia Equilea Veizaga, Wilmer Vicente Camino Mena, Rocio Rios Rios , Diego Paul Romero Aguiar, Briselda Fabiola Garza Valenzuela
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Eres libre de:
- Compartir : copiar y redistribuir el material en cualquier medio o formato
- Adaptar : remezclar, transformar y desarrollar el material
- El licenciante no puede revocar estas libertades siempre y cuando usted cumpla con los términos de la licencia.
En los siguientes términos:
- Atribución : Debe otorgar el crédito correspondiente , proporcionar un enlace a la licencia e indicar si se realizaron cambios . Puede hacerlo de cualquier manera razonable, pero no de ninguna manera que sugiera que el licenciante lo respalda a usted o a su uso.
- No comercial : no puede utilizar el material con fines comerciales .
- CompartirIgual — Si remezcla, transforma o construye sobre el material, debe distribuir sus contribuciones bajo la misma licencia que el original.
- Sin restricciones adicionales : no puede aplicar términos legales ni medidas tecnológicas que restrinjan legalmente a otros hacer algo que la licencia permite.
