Transformación digital y desempeño educativo en América Latina y el Caribe: evidencia empírica mediante datos de panel (2010–2024)

Patricia  Equilea Veizaga; Adrián Jhair Flores Equilea; Daniel Alberto  Iriarte Barrios; Ramiro Fernando Jaramillo Villafuerte; Washington Oswaldo Luna Bastidas

doi:10.70577/asce.v5i3.1003

Autores/as

Patricia Equilea Veizaga Investigador Independiente https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8447-9893
Adrián Jhair Flores Equilea Universidad Mayor de San Simón – UMSS https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8806-066X
Daniel Alberto Iriarte Barrios Universidad Católica Boliviana https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5884-0626
Ramiro Fernando Jaramillo Villafuerte Universidad Estatal de Bolívar https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0951-7531
Washington Oswaldo Luna Bastidas Universidad de las Américas - UDLA https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3557-4534

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70577/asce.v5i3.1003

Palabras clave:

América Latina, Educación, Enseñanza secundaria, Estudiante de secundaria, Transformación digital

Resumen

La transformación digital, ha modificado profundamente el acceso al conocimiento, y los procesos educativos; en América Latina y el Caribe, los gobiernos han impulsado iniciativas para ampliar la conectividad, y reducir la brecha digital; sin embargo, persisten desigualdades económicas, institucionales, y tecnológicas, que limitan el impacto de estas acciones. El objetivo fue, analizar la relación entre la transformación digital, y el desempeño educativo en Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, México y Perú durante el período 2010–2024. Se desarrolló una investigación cuantitativa, explicativa, y longitudinal, mediante datos de panel balanceado con 75 observaciones país-año; se utilizaron indicadores de acceso a internet, banda ancha, telefonía móvil, PIB per cápita, desempleo juvenil y gasto público en educación, la variable de resultado fue, la tasa de finalización de la educación secundaria. Los países estudiados evidenciaron un crecimiento sostenido de la conectividad digital; el acceso a internet, y la telefonía móvil, presentaron efectos positivos, y significativos sobre la finalización de la educación secundaria; en contraste, la banda ancha, el PIB per cápita, el gasto en educación, y el desempleo juvenil, mostraron relaciones negativas con el indicador educativo; Perú registró el mayor promedio de culminación escolar, mientras que México, presentó el menor desempeño. La transformación digital favorece el desempeño educativo, cuando amplía el acceso efectivo a internet, y a tecnologías de uso cotidiano; no obstante, la infraestructura tecnológica por sí sola, no garantiza mejores resultados; la calidad institucional, las estrategias pedagógicas, y las condiciones socioeconómicas, determinan el aprovechamiento de los recursos digitales en la educación.

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