Efectividad de las intervenciones educativas de enfermería para mejorar la adherencia al tamizaje de cáncer cervicouterino y prueba de VPH en mujeres en edad reproductiva

Stiven Jhoel Cumbal Usiña; Mayra Maribel Chapi Chandi

doi:10.70577/asce.v5i2.933

Autores/as

Stiven Jhoel Cumbal Usiña Universidad Politécnica Estatal del Carchi https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3452-2741
Mayra Maribel Chapi Chandi Universidad Política Estatal del Carchi https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1622-8718

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70577/asce.v5i2.933

Palabras clave:

cáncer cervicouterino; tamizaje; prueba de VPH; educación en enfermería; adherencia; revisión sistemática.

Resumen

El cáncer cervicouterino continúa siendo un problema prioritario de salud pública, especialmente en contextos donde persisten barreras de acceso, desinformación y baja adherencia al tamizaje preventivo. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue analizar la efectividad de las intervenciones educativas de enfermería para mejorar la adherencia al tamizaje de cáncer cervicouterino y a la prueba de VPH en mujeres en edad reproductiva. Se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo los lineamientos PRISMA 2020. La búsqueda se efectuó en PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, LILACS y Google Scholar, considerando estudios publicados entre 2019 y 2026. Tras aplicar los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se seleccionaron 25 artículos científicos para la síntesis cualitativa. Los resultados evidenciaron que las intervenciones educativas lideradas o apoyadas por enfermería incrementaron el conocimiento sobre cáncer cervicouterino, VPH y métodos de tamizaje, además de mejorar la percepción de riesgo, reducir barreras percibidas y favorecer la intención de realizarse pruebas preventivas. Las estrategias más efectivas fueron aquellas que combinaron educación sanitaria con consejería individualizada, recordatorios, seguimiento telefónico, mensajes digitales, visitas domiciliarias y acompañamiento comunitario. Se concluye que las intervenciones educativas de enfermería son efectivas para mejorar la adherencia al tamizaje cervicouterino y prueba de VPH, especialmente cuando son sostenidas, culturalmente adaptadas y articuladas con servicios accesibles de atención primaria

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