COL2A1 and GDF5 Polymorphisms in the Treatment of Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70577/asce.v5i2.813Keywords:
knee osteoarthritis; COL2A1; GDF5; personalized medicine.Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis is a highly prevalent degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage loss, subchondral bone alterations, and functional limitations. Its clinical course is modified by mechanical, metabolic, inflammatory, and/or genetic factors. This descriptive and analytical study was based on a recent literature review in international databases, prioritizing 34 references from the last five years and 10 main studies selected according to rigorous criteria. The evidence shows that polymorphisms in COL2A1, the gene responsible for encoding type II collagen, weaken the cartilaginous matrix and facilitate wear, while variants in GDF5, a gene that regulates chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, accentuate the reduction in tissue regenerative capacity and clinical evolution. It has also been shown that, despite having radiological studies with similar findings, patients exhibit very different responses to therapies such as physiotherapy, hyaluronic acid injections, or PRP, demonstrating that the genetic profile also determines the response to therapy. It can be concluded that the identification of polymorphisms in COL2A1 and GDF5 is a key finding in contributing genetics to personalized medicine, allowing for stratification and anticipation of prognoses and more precise clinical decisions.
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