Alteraciones cardiovasculares asociadas a trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo en primigestas

Rosa María Montalvo Pantoja; Sonia Mireya Cárdenas Enríquez; Naomi Salome Flores Santander

doi:10.70577/asce.v4i4.524

Autores/as

Rosa María Montalvo Pantoja Universidad Politécnica Estatal Del Carchi https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9653-0346
Sonia Mireya Cárdenas Enríquez Universidad Politécnica Estatal Del Carchi https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3145-0306
Naomi Salome Flores Santander Universidad Politécnica Estatal Del Carchi https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1026-4697

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70577/asce.v4i4.524

Palabras clave:

Primigesta, Trastornos Hipertensivos Del Embarazo, Preeclampsia, Riesgo Cardiovascular, Enfermería.

Resumen

Introducción: Los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo en primigestas constituyen una ventana temprana de riesgo cardiovascular; no obstante, su impacto sobre las alteraciones cardiacas y vasculares y las implicaciones para la enfermería se subestiman. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática según PRISMA en PubMed, Scopus y SciELO (2019-2025) sobre primigestas con trastornos hipertensivos y alteraciones cardiovasculares, seleccionándose 25 artículos que cumplieron criterios predefinidos. Resultados: Los estudios evidencian remodelado concéntrico del ventrículo izquierdo, disfunción diastólica, disminución del strain miocárdico y mayor rigidez arterial, con persistencia posparto; además, se observa aumento del riesgo de hipertensión crónica, cardiopatía isquémica, insuficiencia cardiaca e ictus en el mediano y largo plazo. Discusión: Los hallazgos indican que estos trastornos deben considerarse marcadores de enfermedad vascular sistémica y oportunidad para intervenciones preventivas lideradas por enfermería en el control prenatal y el seguimiento posparto. Conclusiones: Las primigestas con trastornos hipertensivos requieren vigilancia cardiovascular y programas de educación que integren el riesgo futuro, fortaleciendo el rol estratégico de la enfermería en la prevención de enfermedad cardiovascular en la mujer.

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Citas

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