Efecto de un Programa Estructurado de Pausas Activas sobre Indicadores de Fatiga Muscular y Carga Física Percibida en Personal Administrativo de la Universidad Estatal de Bolívar

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70577/asce.v5i1.730

Palabras clave:

Pausas Activas, Fatiga Muscular, Salud Ocupacional, Ensayo Por Conglomerados, Modelos Lineales Mixtos, Borg CR-10, NASA-TLX.

Resumen

Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de un programa estructurado de pausas activas sobre la fatiga muscular y la carga física percibida en personal administrativo universitario frente a un grupo control que mantuvo su rutina habitual. Diseño. Ensayo controlado aleatorizado por conglomerados, con grupos paralelos y mediciones pre y postintervención de 12 semanas. La aleatorización operó a nivel de unidad administrativa para minimizar el sesgo de contaminación. Participantes. 120 trabajadores administrativos de la Universidad Estatal de Bolívar (Ecuador); el análisis final incluyó 112 participantes (57 intervención, 55 control). Intervención. El grupo intervención realizó tres sesiones diarias de pausas activas (10–12 min) durante 12 semanas, con ejercicios de movilidad articular, estiramiento y activación muscular de baja intensidad en regiones cervical, lumbar y extremidades superiores. Mediciones y análisis. La fatiga muscular se evaluó con la escala Borg CR-10 y la carga física percibida con el NASA-TLX. El efecto de la intervención se estimó mediante modelos lineales de efectos mixtos con interacción grupo × tiempo, ajustando por covariables sociodemográficas. Se reportaron tamaños del efecto (d de Cohen, η² parcial) con intervalos de confianza al 95 % y análisis de sensibilidad por imputación múltiple. Resultados. El grupo intervención redujo significativamente la fatiga muscular (Δ ajustado = −2,21 puntos; IC 95 %: −2,51 a −1,91; p < 0,001; d = 0,91) y la carga física percibida (Δ = −12,2 puntos; IC 95 %: −14,0 a −10,4; p < 0,001; d = 0,83). El análisis de sensibilidad confirmó la robustez de los hallazgos. Conclusiones. Un programa estructurado de pausas activas de 12 semanas produce reducciones potencialmente relevantes desde el punto de vista clínico y estadísticamente significativas en ambos indicadores, aportando evidencia cuantitativa rigurosa para fundamentar políticas institucionales de salud ocupacional en contextos latinoamericanos.

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Publicado

2026-04-01

Cómo citar

Barrionuevo Remache, A. F., & Flores Muñoz, P. J. (2026). Efecto de un Programa Estructurado de Pausas Activas sobre Indicadores de Fatiga Muscular y Carga Física Percibida en Personal Administrativo de la Universidad Estatal de Bolívar. ASCE MAGAZINE, 5(2), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.70577/asce.v5i1.730

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