Evolución del crecimiento poblacional y del comercio de carne bovina y porcina en América Latina: análisis comparativo de Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, México y Perú

Sandra Isabel Castañeda Caguana; Byron Enrique  Borja Caicedo; Stephanie Fernanda Chávez Arrese; Andrea  Del Valle García; Percy  Flores  Laime

doi:10.70577/asce.v5i2.953

Authors

Sandra Isabel Castañeda Caguana Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo ESPOCH https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2213-2373
Byron Enrique Borja Caicedo Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo ESPOCH https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6659-8557
Stephanie Fernanda Chávez Arrese Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo ESPOCH, Sede Orellana https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3908-4043
Andrea Del Valle García Universidad Veracruzana - Académico, FMVZ. UV https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5872-7040
Percy Flores Laime Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco – UNSAAC https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6658-0480

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70577/asce.v5i2.953

Keywords:

Latin America, Meat of animal origin, International trade, Population dynamics, Food security

Abstract

Population growth and food security are highly relevant issues for Latin America due to their influence on food demand and the functioning of production systems. In this context, beef and pork represent important sources of animal protein and strategic sectors for the regional economy. However, differences persist among countries regarding their participation in international markets, hindering a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between demographic dynamics and meat trade. Therefore, the objective of this research was to analyze the evolution of population growth and beef and pork trade in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, and Peru during the period 2018–2024, as well as to evaluate the relationship between population and trade flows for both products. A quantitative, descriptive, and correlational study was conducted. Data was obtained from FAOSTAT and World Bank Open Data. Annual population, import, and export data for beef and pork were collected. Descriptive indicators, growth rates, per capita indicators, trade balances, and Pearson correlations were calculated. Mexico had the largest population and the highest volume of beef imports, while Argentina consolidated its position as the leading exporter. Pork trade showed less international participation and greater dependence on imports. Population showed a positive and significant association with beef and pork imports, although no significant relationship was identified with beef exports. The study concluded that Latin American meat trade exhibited marked differences between countries. Population growth primarily influenced imports, while export performance depended on each economy's production capacity and trade integration.

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