Intervenciones de enfermería para el abordaje de la fragilidad en adultos mayores
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70577/asce.v5i2.959Palabras clave:
fragilidad; adulto mayor; intervenciones de enfermería; cuidado geriátrico; revisión sistemática.Resumen
La fragilidad en adultos mayores constituye un síndrome geriátrico multidimensional asociado con pérdida de reserva fisiológica, disminución funcional, riesgo de caídas, dependencia, hospitalización y deterioro de la calidad de vida. En este contexto, enfermería cumple un rol esencial en la detección temprana, prevención y manejo integral de esta condición. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática fue analizar la evidencia científica reciente sobre las intervenciones de enfermería para el abordaje de la fragilidad en adultos mayores. Se realizó una revisión sistemática bajo lineamientos PRISMA 2020, mediante búsqueda en bases de datos como PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, SciELO, LILACS y Google Scholar. Se incluyeron artículos publicados entre 2021 y 2026, disponibles en texto completo, en español, inglés o portugués, relacionados con intervenciones enfermeras en adultos mayores frágiles o prefrágiles. El corpus final estuvo conformado por 20 artículos. Los resultados evidenciaron que las intervenciones más efectivas fueron las multicomponentes, especialmente aquellas que integraron ejercicio físico, educación sanitaria, apoyo nutricional, prevención de caídas, seguimiento domiciliario, acompañamiento psicosocial y coordinación interdisciplinaria. Se concluye que enfermería tiene una función estratégica en la conservación de la funcionalidad, autonomía y calidad de vida del adulto mayor frágil.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Blanca Nelly Gordón Díaz , Alex José Malquín Quiroz , Juan Carlos Almeida López
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