Movimiento de un Pistón (Biela-Manivela)

Dayana Michelle Guamán Pujos; Ember Geovanny Zumba Novay; Elvis Fernando Huaraca Morocho; Edgar José Calapucha Andi

doi:10.70577/asce.v5i1.683

Authors

Dayana Michelle Guamán Pujos Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5594-8407
Ember Geovanny Zumba Novay Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2121-8418
Elvis Fernando Huaraca Morocho Autor Independiente https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7469-5229
Edgar José Calapucha Andi Instituto Superior Tecnológico Francisco de Orellana https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7810-2037

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70577/asce.v5i1.683

Keywords:

Slider–crank mechanism, Piston kinematics, Computational simulation, MATLAB, Wolfram Mathematica, Mechanism dynamics.

Abstract

The slider–crank mechanism is one of the fundamental systems in mechanical engineering for converting ro- tational motion into reciprocating motion and is widely used in internal combustion engines, compressors, and positive displacement pumps. Accurate analysis of piston motion is essential for understanding the dynamic behavior of these systems and for optimizing their energy efficiency, mechanical performance, and structural durability. This study analy- zes the kinematic behavior of the piston through the mathematical formulation of the position, velocity, and acceleration equations as a function of the crankshaft rotation angle. A model was developed based on the geometric relationship bet- ween the crank radius (r) and the connecting rod length (l), allowing the identification of the non-harmonic characteristics of the motion due to the geometry of the mechanism. To validate the theoretical model, computational simulations we- re implemented using MATLAB, Google Colab (Python), and Wolfram Mathematica, employing representative system parameters (r = 0.05 m, l = 0.15 m, and = 100 rad/s). The results indicate that the piston exhibits a stroke of approxi- mately 0.10 m, a maximum velocity close to 5.27 m/s, and accelerations reaching values on the order of 1.8×10³ m/s², mainly concentrated near the dead center positions of the cycle. The comparative analysis between the simulation plat- forms showed a high level of agreement in the numerical results, confirming the validity of the proposed kinematic model. However, differences were identified in terms of visualization capabilities, programming flexibility, and symbolic compu- tation performance among the tools. MATLAB stands out for its robustness in engineering analysis, Google Colab for its flexibility in scientific programming and cloud-based collaboration, and Wolfram Mathematica for its powerful symbolic mathematical capabilities. The findings provide a deeper understanding of the dynamic asymmetries of piston motion and the associated inertial forces, offering valuable insights for the design, optimization, and simulation of reciprocating mechanical systems in industrial and energy applications.

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