Modelado y simulación de sistemas mecánicos complejos mediante principios de la física aplicada en ingeniería

Julio César Morocho Orellana

doi:10.70577/ASCE/1317.1345/2025

Autores/as

Julio César Morocho Orellana Universidad Técnica de Machala https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9211-1856

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70577/ASCE/1317.1345/2025

Palabras clave:

Modelado Mecánico, Simulación Dinámica, Física Aplicada, Sistemas Complejos, Gemelos Gigitales, Redes Neuronales, Herramientas Computacionales.

Resumen

El modelado y la simulación de sistemas mecánicos complejos representan un eje central en el desarrollo de soluciones innovadoras en ingeniería. Este artículo presenta una revisión sistemática y analítica del estado del arte en torno al modelado de mecanismos multicomponente, con énfasis en la integración de principios de la física aplicada y herramientas computacionales avanzadas. Se exploran los fundamentos teóricos del modelado dinámico-estructural, desde las leyes de Newton y la mecánica lagrangiana, hasta la mecánica de materiales y la teoría de vibraciones. Asimismo, se abordan técnicas modernas de simulación, como el análisis modal, la cinemática inversa y la co-simulación multidominio. La investigación identifica los principales enfoques metodológicos modelado basado en ecuaciones, modelado basado en datos e híbridos, así como las herramientas más utilizadas, como MATLAB, ANSYS, SolidWorks y Adams. Los resultados evidencian una tendencia hacia la adopción de modelos híbridos que combinan la precisión de la física con la adaptabilidad del aprendizaje automático, destacándose enfoques como PINNs, PINODE y los gemelos digitales. Se discuten los criterios de validación más efectivos y se identifican desafíos metodológicos persistentes, como la sensibilidad al ruido, la escalabilidad y la representatividad de fenómenos complejos. Finalmente, se proponen líneas de investigación futura orientadas a la mejora de la precisión, eficiencia computacional y aplicabilidad de los modelos físicos en contextos reales de ingeniería.

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