Neonatal Jaundice: Risk Factors At The Ángela Loayza De Ollague Obstetric Hospital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70577/asce.v5i3.931Keywords:
Pediatrics; maternal and child health; epidemiology; preventive medicine; medical research.Abstract
Neonatal jaundice is the yellowish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by an imbalance between bilirubin production and elimination. It is common during the first days of life and is associated with various maternal and neonatal factors. At Ángela Loayza de Ollague Obstetric Hospital, there are previous records of neonatal jaundice; however, information on the factors present during the 2024–2025 period needs to be updated in order to guide clinical surveillance and neonatal follow-up.
The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with the development of neonatal jaundice in the aforementioned hospital during the established period. A descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was conducted based on the review of statistical records of mothers and newborns. The population consisted of 1,312 live births, of which 103 were diagnosed with neonatal jaundice.
The data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, the Chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test. The hospital incidence was equivalent to 78.5 cases per 1,000 live births. Among the most frequent findings were neonatal sepsis, respiratory distress syndrome, ABO incompatibility, maternal infections, and alterations in the type of feeding. Indirect bilirubin showed a mean value of 10.81 ± 4.17 mg/dL, while total bilirubin showed a mean value of 11.87 ± 3.55 mg/dL.
In the inferential analysis, type of feeding was the only variable with a statistically significant association with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (p=0.003). It is concluded that neonatal jaundice represents a relevant condition in the neonatology area and that type of feeding was the main factor associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen maternal education, clinical surveillance, and timely follow-up of the newborn.
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