Innovative Pedagogical Strategies to improve the learning process in the subject of Social Studies.

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70577/asce.v5i3.1043

Keywords:

pedagogical strategies; active learning; Social Studies; basic education; didactic innovation

Abstract

Within Basic General Education, deficiencies in academic performance are evident, particularly in Social Studies, which require significant improvements. This research arises from the low performance of students at the José Pedro Varela Educational Unit in the Santa Elena canton, across conceptual, procedural, and attitudinal dimensions. This is attributed to the consistent use of traditional pedagogical strategies that emphasize memorization over the development of skills and competencies. Therefore, the objective was to determine the effect of the integrated application of three innovative pedagogical strategies—project-based learning (PBL), gamification, and learning and knowledge technologies (LKT)—on academic performance. The sample consisted of 35 students. A mixed-methods approach was adopted, primarily using quantitative methods. A quasi-experimental design was employed; due to the limited number of students, a single group was used, and a pre-test and post-test were administered. The instruments used in the study included a knowledge test validated through expert judgment, yielding Aiken's v of 0.87 and Cronbach's α of 0.83. An observation rubric and a survey instrument were also used to measure student perceptions. The study involved a four-week training program with the research participants, consisting of three learning units. Additionally, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was applied for inductive-deductive content analysis of qualitative responses. Among the most significant results, the post-test score was 17.4 with a standard deviation of 1.8, compared to the pre-test score of 11.2 with a standard deviation of 2.3, and a moderate effect size of 1.43 (Cohen's d statistic). These results are very important because they demonstrate improvements in all three dimensions, which aligns with the 88.6% positive evaluation of the strategies used by the students. This confirms the importance of these strategies in improving academic performance.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Anijovich, R., & Mora, S. (2021). Estrategias de enseñanza: otra mirada al quehacer en el aula (3.ª ed.). Aique Educación.

Biggs, J., & Tang, C. (2022). Teaching for quality learning at university: What the student does (5th ed.). Open University Press.

Chicaiza-Ayala, L., & Erazo-Álvarez, J. C. (2022). Innovación pedagógica y desempeño docente en instituciones educativas públicas del litoral ecuatoriano. Revista Educare, 26(2), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.46498/reduipb.v26i2.1612

Coll, C., & Monereo, C. (Eds.). (2022). Psicología de la educación virtual: aprender y enseñar con las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (2.ª ed.). Morata.

Condliffe, B., Quint, J., Visher, M., Bangser, M., Drohojowska, S., Saco, L., & Nelson, E. (2021). Project-based learning: A literature review. MDRC. https://www.mdrc.org/publication/project-based-learning

Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2023). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). SAGE.

Dichev, C., & Dicheva, D. (2022). Gamifying education: What is known, what is believed and what remains uncertain: A critical review. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 19(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0042-5

Fritz, C. O., Morris, P. E., & Richler, J. J. (2022). Effect size estimates: Current use, calculations, and interpretation. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 141(1), 2–18. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024338

Gutiérrez-Páez, N. F., & Mora-Leal, C. (2022). Aprendizaje cooperativo con TIC en ciencias sociales de básica secundaria: un estudio cuasiexperimental en Colombia. Revista Colombiana de Educación, (86), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.17227/rce.num86-12810

Hattie, J. (2023). Visible learning: The sequel. A synthesis of over 2,100 meta-analyses relating to achievement. Routledge.

Hattie, J., Fisher, D., & Frey, N. (2023). Visible learning in action: Making learning visible in the classroom. Corwin Press.

Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos. (2022). Censo de Población y Vivienda 2022: resultados provinciales. INEC Ecuador. https://www.censoecuador.gob.ec

Instituto Nacional de Evaluación Educativa. (2024). Reporte de evaluación de aprendizajes 2023-2024: subnivel Básica Superior. INEVAL. https://www.evaluacion.gob.ec

Krajcik, J., & Shin, N. (2022). Project-based learning. En R. K. Sawyer (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of the learning sciences (3rd ed., pp. 1–25). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108888592.023

Kraft, M. A. (2020). Interpreting effect sizes of education interventions. Educational Researcher, 49(4), 241–253. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X20912798

Lozano-Martínez, F. G., & Pozas-Loyo, J. (2021). Condiciones docentes para la integración genuina de tecnologías del aprendizaje en educación básica mexicana. Perfiles Educativos, 43(171), 118–135. https://doi.org/10.22201/iisue.24486167e.2021.171.59632

Merino-Soto, C. (2022). Diferencias entre coeficientes V de Aiken: propuesta de interpretación. Anales de Psicología, 38(1), 184–191. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.430861

Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador. (2016). Currículo de los niveles de educación obligatoria: Subnivel Básica Superior (Acuerdo Ministerial MINEDUC-MINEDUC-2016-00020-A). MINEDUC. https://educacion.gob.ec/curriculo

Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador. (2021). Diagnóstico nacional de prácticas pedagógicas en Estudios Sociales: informe de sistematización. MINEDUC. https://educacion.gob.ec/informes

Ministerio de Educación del Ecuador. (2023). Informe de seguimiento educativo 2022-2023: instituciones fiscales de zona costera. MINEDUC. https://educacion.gob.ec/informes

Moll, L. C. (Ed.). (2022). Vygotsky and education: Instructional implications and applications of sociohistorical psychology (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.

OREALC/UNESCO Santiago. (2021). Los aprendizajes fundamentales en América Latina y el Caribe: Estudio Regional Comparativo y Explicativo 2019. UNESCO. https://doi.org/10.54676/JCWB6170

Palacios-Núñez, M. L., Núñez-Lozano, M. L., & Triviño-García, M. A. (2022). Pensamiento histórico y aprendizaje activo en básica secundaria: un estudio cuasiexperimental en Colombia. Educación XX1, 25(2), 45–68. https://doi.org/10.5944/educxx1.29058

Quiñónez-Valarezo, R., Erazo-Álvarez, J. C., & Narváez-Zurita, C. I. (2023). Aprendizaje basado en proyectos y comprensión histórica en estudiantes de básica superior en Guayaquil. Revista Iberoamericana de Educación, 91(1), 85–104. https://doi.org/10.35362/rie910572

Reisman, A., & Fogo, B. (2021). Surfacing the discipline of history in secondary classrooms: A randomized controlled trial of a sources-based instructional framework. American Educational Research Journal, 58(3), 505–538. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831220973497

Rodríguez-Arocho, W., García-Pastrana, C., & López-Suárez, M. (2023). Enseñanza de las ciencias sociales en América Latina: revisión sistemática de prácticas pedagógicas 2017-2022. Revista Latinoamericana de Educación Comparada, 14(23), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2023.latam.ed

Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68

Sailer, M., & Homner, L. (2020). The gamification of learning: A meta-analysis. Educational Psychology Review, 32(1), 77–112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09498-w

Sánchez-Cruzado, C., Sánchez-Compaña, M. T., & Ruiz-Palmero, J. (2021). Estrategias activas en ciencias sociales: revisión sistemática sobre su efecto en el rendimiento académico de educación básica. Educación y Educadores, 24(3), 441–463. https://doi.org/10.5294/edu.2021.24.3.4

Sánchez-Mena, A., Martí-Parreño, J., & Aldás-Manzano, J. (2023). Gamification design elements and their impact on student learning: A systematic review. British Journal of Educational Technology, 54(1), 64–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.13245

Seixas, P., & Morton, T. (2022). The big six: Historical thinking concepts (2nd ed.). Nelson Education.

Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2021). Experimental and quasi-experimental designs for generalized causal inference (2nd ed.). Cengage Learning.

Sweller, J., van Merriënboer, J. J. G., & Paas, F. (2022). Cognitive architecture and instructional design: 20 years later. Educational Psychology Review, 31(2), 261–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-019-09465-5

Thomas, J. W., & Mergendoller, J. R. (2023). Project-based learning: A primer (3rd ed.). Buck Institute for Education.

Torres-Velásquez, L. E. (2023). Tecnologías del aprendizaje en ciencias sociales de secundaria: efectos diferenciados sobre las dimensiones conceptual, procedimental y actitudinal. Perfiles Educativos, 45(180), 7–27. https://doi.org/10.22201/iisue.24486167e.2023.180.61044

UNESCO. (2024). Informe regional sobre desempeño docente en América Latina y el Caribe post-pandemia. UNESCO Office Santiago. https://unesdoc.unesco.org

Villacís-Molina, N. K., & Ponce-Naranjo, A. L. (2022). Gamificación digital versus analógica en Estudios Sociales: estudio comparativo en instituciones públicas de zona costera ecuatoriana. Revista Científica FIPCAEC, 7(2), 789–812. https://doi.org/10.23882/rscf.22-7-2-43

Wineburg, S. (2021). Why learn history (when it's already on your phone). University of Chicago Press.

Zabala, A., & Arnau, L. (2007). 11 ideas clave: cómo aprender y enseñar competencias. Graó. [Obra fundacional revisada mediante Biggs y Tang (2022) para su aplicación al contexto evaluativo de este estudio]

Published

2026-08-03

How to Cite

Tomalá Ponce, O. Z., & Lamas González, M. de las N. (2026). Innovative Pedagogical Strategies to improve the learning process in the subject of Social Studies. ANNALS SCIENTIFIC EVOLUTION, 5(3), 1349–1372. https://doi.org/10.70577/asce.v5i3.1043

Similar Articles

<< < 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.