Influencia de los factores de riesgo en la depresión postparto en mujeres de edad fértil
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https://doi.org/10.70577/asce.v5i2.812Palabras clave:
depresión postparto; mujer en edad fértil; factores de riesgo; influencia; prevalenciaResumen
La DPP se define como un estado de melancolía, baja autoestima, o desmotivación que se presenta dentro del año postparto. Según el Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM 5), define a la Depresión Posparto (DPP) como un trastorno depresivo que se produce desde las primeras cuatro semanas después del parto, no obstante, las mujeres aún tienen un alto riesgo de desarrollar este trastorno depresivo varios meses después del parto, e inclusive hasta un año postparto. El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la influencia de los factores de riesgo en la aparición de la depresión postparto en mujeres de edad fértil, mediante la revisión bibliográfica. Esta investigación se desarrolló bajo el paradigma positivista, asimismo adopta un enfoque cuantitativo, con un tipo de investigación básica, el diseño es no experimental, de igual manera el nivel de investigación es descriptivo. Por su parte para la recolección de la información se utilizó Research Rabbit y VOSviewer, que permite el análisis bibliométrico, asimismo, se organizó la información en una hoja de recojo de datos elaborada en Microsoft Excel 2016. Se identificó los siguientes factores de riesgo: Sociodemográficos (Edad materna, falta de apoyo social, inmigración), Físicos y biológicos (Índice de masas corporal, apnea del sueño), Psicológicos (Antecedentes de depresión, antecedentes de violencia y abuso) Obstétricos (Violencia obstétrica, diabetes gestacional, prematuridad), Culturales (Sexo del bebé). La prevalencia encontrada oscila entre el 10 al 19%, finalmente el factor más influyente fue el antecedente de depresión presentes en el 72.72% de los estudios.
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