The perception of quality of life in elderly adults attended in geriatric centers.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70577/asce.v5i1.651Keywords:
Quality Of Life, Older Adults, Geriatric Institutions, Social Well-Being, Elderly Health, Personal AutonomyAbstract
The rapid aging of the population presents a growing challenge to public health, especially regarding the quality of life of older adults residing in nursing homes. In these settings, the perception of well-being is influenced by multiple physical, psychological, and social factors, highlighting the need for a systematic analysis of the available scientific evidence. The objective of this study was to analyze the perception of quality of life among older adults residing in nursing homes, identifying the main associated factors and the most effective interventions reported in recent literature. A systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines, using the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Studies published between 2020 and 2025, in Spanish and English, with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods approaches, were included. These studies used validated instruments for measuring quality of life, particularly the WHOQOL-BREF. Ten studies were analyzed, revealing that functional autonomy, social support, and pre-existing health conditions are the main determinants of quality of life in institutionalized older adults. Furthermore, interventions integrating physical activity, psychosocial support, and personalized medical care showed a significant positive impact on the physical, emotional, and social dimensions of well-being. The study concludes that the quality of life of older adults in geriatric centers depends on a comprehensive approach that promotes autonomy, strengthens social support, and ensures multidimensional healthcare, providing relevant evidence to guide public policies and institutional practices aimed at fostering healthy aging.
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