Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Relationship to the Clinical Course of Diabetes Mellitus in Patients Treated at the Iess Hospital in 2024.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70577/asce.v5i3.991Keywords:
Diabetic Retinopathy, Diabetes Mellitus, Glycated Hemoglobin, Comorbidities.Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness among the working-age population. The objective was to analyze the relationship between diabetic retinopathy and the clinical course of diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients treated at the Machala IESS General Hospital during 2024. An observational, retrospective, and descriptive study was conducted using 192 clinical records (98 women and 94 men). Patients were clinically classified into three distinct groups based on severity and ocular involvement: Group A (stable), Group B (anterior segment involvement), and Group C (severe complications). Diabetic retinopathy developed between 5 and 10 years after the onset of diabetes mellitus (46 cases). Glycated hemoglobin was confirmed as the primary biomarker, with Group C having the highest number of patients with HbA1c > 5.7 (78 cases); furthermore, cross-sectional glycemic controls showed no significant differences. Type 2 diabetes mellitus showed greater progression of ocular involvement compared to type 1 diabetes mellitus. In the study found an association between comorbidities such as high blood pressure and chronic kidney disease and progression to Group C. The progression of diabetic retinopathy reflects systemic deterioration linked to disease duration and comorbidities of the cardiorenal-ocular axis, with HbA1c serving as the gold standard predictor.
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