Evolución temporal de la hipertensión y la carga de enfermedad cardiovascular en países de América Latina mediante un enfoque comparativo

Patricia Equilea Veizaga; Jessica Andrea  Encalada Falconí; Adrián Jhair Flores Equilea; Eddy Santiago Guilcatoma Santillán; Silvia Paulina Inga Huilca

doi:10.70577/asce.v5i3.1025

Autores/as

Patricia Equilea Veizaga Investigador Independiente https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8447-9893
Jessica Andrea Encalada Falconí Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo – UNACH https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6151-5679
Adrián Jhair Flores Equilea Universidad Mayor de San Simón – UMSS https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8806-066X
Eddy Santiago Guilcatoma Santillán Universidad de Las Américas – UDLA https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5892-4802
Silvia Paulina Inga Huilca Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes – UNIANDES https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4193-6898

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70577/asce.v5i3.1025

Palabras clave:

América Latina, Análisis comparativo, Enfermedad cardiovascular, Inferencia estadística, Series temporales

Resumen

En América Latina, la hipertensión arterial constituye un factor de riesgo de alta prevalencia; sin embargo, la carga cardiovascular difiere entre países debido a desigualdades en el acceso a los servicios de salud, las condiciones socioeconómicas y la capacidad institucional de cada región; a su vez, la escasez de estudios comparativos regionales limita la comprensión de estas diferencias y dificulta el diseño de políticas públicas ajustadas a cada contexto. El objetivo de la investigación fue; analizar la evolución temporal de la hipertensión arterial y la carga de enfermedad cardiovascular en países de América Latina. Se desarrolló una investigación cuantitativa, comparativa, y longitudinal con información de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud correspondiente al período 2010–2019 para Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, México y Perú; el análisis incluyó estadística descriptiva, series temporales, diagramas de dispersión, correlación de Pearson, regresión lineal simple y análisis de varianza mediante R Studio 4.6.0.

Como resultados; Colombia, y Ecuador, registraron las mayores prevalencias de hipertensión, mientras que, México presentó la mayor carga cardiovascular; la correlación entre ambas variables fue negativa, y de baja magnitud (r = -0,27), sin evidencia de cambios temporales estadísticamente significativos; los resultados evidenciaron trayectorias diferenciadas entre los países. Se concluyó que, la carga cardiovascular no depende únicamente de la prevalencia de hipertensión, sino también de factores sanitarios, institucionales y socioeconómicos; las diferencias observadas respaldan la necesidad de diseñar estrategias de prevención y control adaptadas a las características de cada país.

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