Disfunción tiroidea, hipertrigliceridemia e hipertensión como eje cardiometabólico: revisión sistemática de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos y la evidencia clínica (2021–2026)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70577/asce.v5i4.1129Palabras clave:
Disfunción tiroidea, Eje cardiometabólico, Hipertensión arterial, Hipertrigliceridemia, Resistencia a la insulinaResumen
La disfunción tiroidea, representa un desafío que supera el ámbito endocrino, debido a su estrecha relación con alteraciones metabólicas, y cardiovasculares, cabe considerar, que los cambios en la función tiroidea, incluso dentro de rangos considerados normales, pueden asociarse, con modificaciones en el metabolismo lipídico, resistencia a la insulina, hipertensión arterial, y riesgo cardiovascular. El objetivo fue, analizar críticamente, la evidencia científica publicada entre 2021 y 2026, sobre la relación entre disfunción tiroidea, hipertrigliceridemia, e hipertensión arterial, con énfasis en los mecanismos fisiopatológicos que podrían integrar estas alteraciones, dentro de un eje cardiometabólico. Se realizó, una revisión sistemática, siguiendo los lineamientos PRISMA 2020, la búsqueda se efectuó en Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, y Web of Science, utilizando términos relacionados con función tiroidea, triglicéridos, resistencia a la insulina, índice TyG, e hipertensión arterial. La evidencia identificó, relaciones consistentes entre alteraciones de la función tiroidea, y cambios en el metabolismo de los triglicéridos, así como asociaciones entre el índice TyG, resistencia a la insulina, e hipertensión arterial. Los resultados señalaron que el IMC, la adiposidad visceral, la edad, el sexo y la diabetes, actúan como importantes modificadores de estas asociaciones. La evidencia respalda, la existencia de un eje cardiometabólico, que vincula función tiroidea, metabolismo lipídico, y regulación vascular; no obstante, aún no es posible establecer una relación causal definitiva, entre estas alteraciones; la resistencia a la insulina y el índice TyG, emergen como posibles elementos de conexión, mientras que la heterogeneidad metodológica, y la escasez de estudios longitudinales, limitan la interpretación causal de los hallazgos.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Fabio Camilo Jaramillo Contreras, Rocío Noemí Guamán Guamán, Silvia Paulina Inga Huilca, Jesús Javier Ñaccha Urbano, Miguel Santiago Sandoval Romo
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