Simulador digital para desarrollar competencias de comercialización en estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual leve: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70577/asce.v5i4.1133Palabras clave:
competencia laboral; discapacidad intelectual; educación especial; formación vocacional; realidad virtual; simulación digitalResumen
La preparación laboral de los estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual requiere prácticas seguras, repetibles y relacionadas con el trabajo. El objetivo fue analizar la evidencia publicada entre 2022 y 2026 sobre los simuladores digitales orientados al desarrollo de competencias de comercialización y otras habilidades laborales relacionadas en estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual leve. Se efectuó una revisión sistemática en Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection y SciELO, mientras que el riesgo de sesgo fue examinado mediante RoB 2 y ROBINS-I. Debido a las diferencias entre los participantes, las intervenciones y los desenlaces, los resultados fueron integrados mediante una síntesis narrativa. La búsqueda permitió identificar 40 registros, de los cuales 12 correspondieron a duplicados y 28 continuaron al cribado; posteriormente, 25 se excluyeron por título y resumen. Se evaluaron tres estudios completos, uno se excluyó porque no examinó una competencia comercial o laboral específica y dos conformaron la síntesis final. La enseñanza combinada con realidad virtual mejoró la secuencia de detallado automotriz, mientras que la intervención virtual para baristas aumentó el desempeño y mantuvo parte de la transferencia a una cafetería real. El riesgo de sesgo presentó algunas preocupaciones en un estudio y fue serio en el otro. Cabe resaltar que ninguno evaluó directamente ventas, marketing o atención comercial. Los simuladores pueden contribuir al aprendizaje de procedimientos laborales; sin embargo, la evidencia no permite establecer su efectividad específica sobre competencias de comercialización en estudiantes con discapacidad intelectual leve.
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Derechos de autor 2026 Ercy Viviana Cedeño Reasco, Amarilis Isabel Campoverde Moscol
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