Evidencia institucional para reducir la deserción en primer semestre universitario, alertas tempranas, acompañamiento y comunidades de aprendizaje

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70577/asce.v5i1.639

Palabras clave:

Retención estudiantil; Deserción universitaria; Primer semestre; Alertas tempranas; Mentoría; Comunidades de aprendizaje.

Resumen

La deserción durante el primer semestre y el primer semestre universitario constituye un desafío de calidad y equidad, en virtud de su relación con rezago, pérdida de oportunidades y costos institucionales, el objetivo de esta revisión fue sintetizar evidencia reciente sobre estrategias institucionales para reducir la deserción en estudiantes de primer semestre, considerando programas de acompañamiento, alertas tempranas, tutorías, mentorías, orientación y marcos de transición, se revisaron 30 estudios publicados entre 2020 y 2026 con acceso abierto, abarcando modalidades presencial, híbrida y en línea, los resultados mostraron que las intervenciones con evidencia más consistente sobre persistencia y retención fueron las comunidades académicas estructuradas, incluidos cursos vinculados y comunidades basadas en identidad, así como dispositivos curriculares de primer semestre con seguimiento, adicionalmente, los modelos de alerta temprana demostraron utilidad cuando se integraron con rutas de intervención personalizadas y apoyo humano oportuno, mientras que los nudges automatizados incrementaron el compromiso en el corto plazo con efectos menos claros en rendimiento final, los apoyos académicos integrados al curso, como supplemental instruction y mentorías escalables, se asociaron con mejoras en desempeño y señales favorables de permanencia, en conjunto, la evidencia sugiere que la reducción de la deserción temprana se fortalece cuando la institución combina detección temprana, apoyos académicos estructurados y una arquitectura de transición que facilite acceso, continuidad y coordinación.

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Publicado

2026-02-04

Cómo citar

Montenegro Cucas, A. V., Valencia Gallegos, F. E., Mejía Medina, A. M., Villamarin Gutiérrez, V. H., & González Naveda, M. A. (2026). Evidencia institucional para reducir la deserción en primer semestre universitario, alertas tempranas, acompañamiento y comunidades de aprendizaje. ASCE MAGAZINE, 5(1), 1192–1211. https://doi.org/10.70577/asce.v5i1.639

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