Análisis de las brechas en la cobertura terapéutica y el diagnóstico molecular de tuberculosis: Impacto de la farmacorresistencia en poblaciones vulnerables y pediátricas

César Jesús Eras Lévano; Fabio Camilo Jaramillo Contreras; Jonathan Javier  Montoya Guevara; Grace Carolina Sandoval Andrade; Kevin Vigil Vega

doi:10.70577/asce.v5i2.842

Autores/as

César Jesús Eras Lévano Univesidad Privada San Juan Bautista-Escuela de posgrado https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5433-4044
Fabio Camilo Jaramillo Contreras Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9037-6575
Jonathan Javier Montoya Guevara Investigador Independiente https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9517-8126
Grace Carolina Sandoval Andrade Investigador Independiente https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4836-3809
Kevin Vigil Vega Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3795-4910

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70577/asce.v5i2.842

Palabras clave:

América Latina, Bacteria, Enfermedad transmisible, Medicina preventiva, Población

Resumen

La tuberculosis resistente es considerada como uno de los principales problemas de salud pública en América Latina, debido al incremento sostenido de casos y a las desigualdades en el acceso al diagnóstico y tratamiento; las limitaciones estructurales, sociales y sanitarias favorecen la persistencia de la enfermedad, especialmente en poblaciones vulnerables y pediátricas. El objetivo fue, analizar las brechas existentes en la cobertura terapéutica y el diagnóstico molecular de la tuberculosis en países latinoamericanos, con énfasis en la farmacorresistencia y su impacto epidemiológico. La investigación utilizó información de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y la Organización Panamericana de la Salud correspondiente a Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, México y Perú durante el periodo 2019-2024; el enfoque fue cuantitativo, cualitativo, descriptivo y crítico; los indicadores evaluados fueron la cobertura terapéutica, resistencia a medicamentos, poblaciones vulnerables y acceso a pruebas rápidas. Se mostraron avances importantes en Ecuador y Colombia, países que alcanzaron los mayores incrementos en cobertura diagnóstica y acceso a pruebas moleculares rápidas, por otra parte, Perú presentó la mayor carga de casos resistentes; mientras que, México mantuvo bajos niveles de cobertura diagnóstica; a su vez, Bolivia evidenció un deterioro significativo en la cobertura del tratamiento y en el uso de pruebas rápidas; además, persistieron altas proporciones de afectación en menores de cinco años y personas privadas de libertad. Se concluyó que la tuberculosis resistente continúa representando un desafío regional que requiere fortalecer la vigilancia epidemiológica, ampliar el acceso al diagnóstico oportuno y consolidar estrategias integrales en poblaciones de mayor riesgo.

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