Effectiveness of Educational Interventions to Improve Reading Comprehension in Primary School Students.

Abstract

Reading comprehension is a fundamental competence for the academic and personal development of students, especially in primary education, where the foundations of learning are formed. However, multiple studies have shown that a considerable proportion of students have difficulties in understanding texts effectively, which limits their performance in other areas of knowledge. In this context, the general objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of educational interventions applied to improve reading comprehension in primary school students, through a systematic review of scientific literature. The research was developed under a qualitative approach, with a descriptive scope, and applied the PRISMA protocol to organize the process of searching,selecting and analyzing the studies. Academic databases such as Scopus, ERIC, SciELO and Google Scholar were consulted, using search equations in Spanish and English. 13 studies published between 2020 and 2025 that met the defined inclusion criteria were selected. The results allowed us to identify a wide variety of interventions, including traditional strategies, digital technologies, recreational activities and collaborative methods. Likewise, significant improvements were evidenced in literal and inferential comprehension, and it was highlighted that the most effective strategies were those integrated, structured and contextualized. Finally, the comparison between pedagogical approaches showed that the combination of technological resources with metacognitive strategies was especially effective, provided that factors such as teacher training, accompaniment and institutional conditions were considered.